Internal-combustion engine



A. MERTZ INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed June 11. 1920 g] I M Y .L.

. IN VEN TOR.

A TTORNE Y8.

Patented Oct. 23, 1923.

I i T ar as,

steam MERZTZ, oF'fo'aYTo'N, orrr'o.

\ immanent-Beams; ENGINE.

Application filed June 11, 192p. SeriaI -No. 388,330.

cylinder headpfnovel and improved "design permi-tting' the use "ofvalves ofvery large a'rea, -and also to --provide valve passages whichare ar'range'd to oifenaminimum resistance-- to the passage 1 of thefuel I charges and the exhaust gases the'rethrough.

The object stated is attained by 'm'ea-ns of' acombination andarr-angementpf parts to"behreinafterdescribed and claimed, and in orderthat the same may be"better underst'ood, reference is h'ad 'to theaccompanying drawing forming a part of this specification.

In the drawing, 7

Fig. 1 is a vertical section of so much of the cylinder head as isnecessary to illustrate the invention, and Fig. 2 is a section on theline 22 of Fig. 1.

Referring specifically to the drawing, 5

denotes a fragment of a cylinder block to which is applied the cylinderhead which is the subject matter of the present application for patent.The intake and exhaust valves are carried by the cylinder head, therebeing two of each of said valves, the intake valves being on one sideand the exhaust valves on the opposite side. The block 5 may be providedwith any number of cylinders, and the head is designed accordingly,there being provided two intake and two exhaust valves for eachcylinder.

The cylinder head is composed of two opposite inclined walls 6positioned above the bore 7 of the cylinder block 5, and having baseflanges 8 for attachment to the latter by any suitable means, such asbolts 9. The cylinder head wall is therefore of inverted V-shape, theangles of the inclines being 45 degrees to the longitudinal axis of thecylinder. In one of the inclined walls 7 are the intake ports 10 and inthe opposite wall are the exhaust ports 11. The valves for these portsare shown at 12, the faces thereof following the lines of the inclinedwalls. From each port extends a conduit 13" for the fuel charges or theexhaust gases These I conduits may be cast integral with the cylinderhead; ormadeseparate of steel tubing weldedin place. Itwill 'be notedthati'the conduits are alsoset at an oblique angle tothelongitudinalaxis-to the cylinder, but at "-a mOreacute angle than thewalls 6, the angle being 23 degrees.

The cylinder *head "is '-provided with a water jacket consistin -ofafitop wall 14 andside walls 15 exten in'gado wnwa-rd herefrom to thebottom of the c'yli-nder head.

W here the side walls I 15: join the top with 14,-the 'former areparallelto the--wvalls-*6, as shown at 16,="-and-frornsaid walls 16-extend tubular-holders 17 for'guides 18 0f thevalve stems l9. Theguides 18 5 are tap'ered *and pressed into the=holde-rs17,- whichlattermay be integral with the walls 16. Thetjaoketed construction ofthe cylinder head provides a very simple and efiicient expedient forcooling'the valves'and their seats. I u

To the outer ends of the valve =ste1ns -19 are connected-a'ctuatingrocker arms= 20 supported-by brackets2l mounted on the wall-'14 andoperated by push rods 22 which are actuated by the cam-shaft as usual.However, it is to be understood that the valve actuating mechanism isimmaterial to the present invention, and nothing is claimed with respectthereto. The valve stems are also provioled with the usual closingsprings 23. By arrangingthe valves at an angle it is .possible to employvery large valves to obtain a maximum efficiency and power.

The valve passages 13 extend in straight lines from the combustionchamber of the engine, and hence they offer the least resistancev to thepassageof the fuel charges and the exhaust gases therethrough. This willallowv the cylinders to take in a com- 1 plete fuel charge under highspeeds, raising the power peak and producingmore power at high speeds,and the spent gases are also completely exhausted at each exhaust strokeas they follow as closely as possible their' sides in the constructionof the intake conill) duit 13 whichis extended angularly upward in astraight line without any-bends. This construction has a very distinctadvantage in that the gaseous mixture therein will readily drain to thevalve. It is well known that a mixture of vaporized gas and'air isheavier than air. This being true,'by making the intake conduitstraight, very. little effort is needed to draw the mixture downwardly,whereas considerably more 'eftort would be necessary to draw the mixtureupwardly. In

-l11'l31'0 erl va orized char e.

vaporized gas in ,'in place of the liquid which would otherwise'remainin a conduit as heretotore statede 1. In an'li'nternal combustionengine, a cylinder, aidetachable head closing the outer end Of' itllecylinder and having its portion which covers the boreZ-of the cylindercomposed of two opposite walls which are inclined in opposite directionswith respect to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder, said inclinedWalls having valve seats, valves for said seats, and intake and exhaustconduits extending to the ports and positioned at oblique angles to thecylinder axis, and said intake conduit extending and leading from apoint above said detachable cylinder head.

2. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder, a head closing theouter end of the cylinder, and having its portion which covers thecylinder bore composed of two opposite walls which are inclined inopposite directions with respect to the longitudinal axis of thecylinder, said walls having ports which face the cylinder bore and openthereinto at obliqueangles to said bore, said ports having valve seats,valves for. said seats, intake and exhaust conduits extending to theports and positioned at oblique angles to the cylinder axis, the anglesof the conduit with respect to the cylinder axis being different fromthe angles of the ports with respect to the cylinder axis, being alsomore acute with respect to the cylinder axis than the ports, and saidintake manifold extending and leading from a point above said head withdirect communication With one of said ports to facilitate thegravitation oi the mixture 01 vaporized fuel and air thereto.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature.

ALBERT MERTZ.

